Engineering 44 gurias

 Here are our values initials, however, most of them are wrong. The initial current we should've got is I=5V/1KOhm=.005 mA. And the L/R value should've been L/(2.2kOhm)=4.54*10^-7. And L/R*5=2.27*10^-6s=2.27 micro seconds. Here's the circuit we made. R1=.982 kOhm R2=2.16kOhm. was .98 mH Here's our graph of our circuit. Our 5*(L/5) was 4.17 micro seconds, so the percent error is 83.7C%. I'm assuming the reason for the huge error is due to the circuit not being set up properly.

The initial capacitor voltage and time constants are pictured on the left. We got t=0.392s when charging and t=0.242 when voltage is dissipated. And the capacitor voltage is 3.43 V. Here is a picture of our circuit, the actual values for the elements is pictured in the above image. For R1=.982 kOhm and R2=2.16 kOhm Here is a picture when we discharge the capacitor. Our theoretical V for our capacitor was 3.43 V, our experimental was 3.441 V. So our %error was .32%, which is pretty close. For out t constant, our value was  .2817s when compared to our t constant .392s, we had an error of 28.1%error. I think our %error weren't thtat bad. Here's a pic of when using a square wave. When disconnected our V value was  3.49V. The %error is 1.7% which is pretty good. I'm assuming leaking caused the error. Our t constant was  about 80.91 ms. This was way off when compared to our t constant. In retrospect i realized our t ...

Here is our image when f=1kHz and A=2V Here is our image when F=2kHz and A=2v As the frequency is increased the voltage of the circuit changed signal faster.

 In the bottom right we provided the relationship between the output voltage and the input voltage. Which broke down to the output V is equal to R2/R1*(Vb-Va). It's called a difference amplifier because it amplifies the difference between the two V sources and rejects the common signal between the two. Here is a schematic of the circuit we made. The actual resistances of the resistors are on the previous pic. Which were R1=R3=9.7 kOhm, and R2=R4=19.9 kOhm Here's a table of our output and input voltages. Our graph sort of worked out. It roughly resembles a proper saturation graph  This one however is completely off. fe Here are our values in excel with error. When Vb=1 i expected the saturation to be around 4.30 and -4.6, since our values topped off around there. However, when Vb=-1 we got max 5.24 and -3.6. So there must've been a mistake with our circuit. However, some values did make sense. For example, when Vb=1 our valu...

Here is a sketch for the voltage and current for both sinusoidal and triangular inputs.  here are the graphs for the 2kHz  2V sinusoidal input Here are the graphs for the 100 Hz 4V square function Here are the graphs for the 1kHz  2Vfunction.

 Here is a pic of our pre lab, we chose 22kOhms for our resistors. The actual values however were, R1=21.5kOhm, R2=21.7kOhm R3=21.4kOhm. Since our R values should betheoretically equal, our Vout equation should be Vout=-(Va+Vb). Our values made since except for Va=1, the value should've been -1V but it was -1.94V. For the last two values the %error was huge because of the saturation of the Op-Amp. Here are our experimental values from our board  Here's our circuit

Here is a schematic of the circuit we designed. Our theoretical value for gain was R2/R1 for our R2=4.7kOhm resistor and R=2.2kOhm  was 2.136 Here is the circuit we built on the breadboard Our true values for the resistors, on the left is the true value for our R2 resistor and on the right is the true value for our R1 resistor. Here is the table of our Vin vs Vout values.  Vin (v) Vout (v) -3 4.21 -2.5 4.21 -2 4.21 -1.5 3.21 -1 2.14 -0.5 0 0 -1.064 0.5 -2.12 1 -2.12 1.5 -2.19 2 -3.43 2.5 -3.42 3 -3.42 3.5 -3.41 4 -3.41 Here is our plot of Vin vs Vout The graph makes sense, it follows the saturation graph. However our calculated gain in pre-lab was -2.136. But when i calculated the Vout/Vin value i got -1.327. It's off by almost half. Our circuit worked, and our approach lead to values that worked for our ...